IV. Endnotes: (English, Social Studies)
Literary and historical writing requires sources to be acknowledged in the text with a reference number and the complete information about the source used listed on a separate page at the end of the paper. This is done primarily to avoid disrupting the narrative and where the source information is not important to the narrative. It is information that can be looked up later.
A. Directions for Endnote Numbers in Papers:
1. Number endnotes consecutively from beginning to end of paper.
2 . In the text of your paper, place the endnote number 1/2 space above the line at the end of the material acknowledged. NO PERIOD follows the number. Many word processing programs today have a function called superscript that will place the numbers correctly above the line. Numbers should look like this in your text.[i]
2 . In the text of your paper, place the endnote number 1/2 space above the line at the end of the material acknowledged. NO PERIOD follows the number. Many word processing programs today have a function called superscript that will place the numbers correctly above the line. Numbers should look like this in your text.[i]
B. Directions for Endnote Page Format.
1. Number endnotes consecutively just as they appear in your paper.
2. Indent the first line 5 spaces, second and following lines start on the left margin.
C. Endnote Samples, first citation:
1. Book, one author:
1Edward Shorter, The Health Century (New York:Doubleday, 1987)22.
2. Book, two authors:
2James F. Fries and Lawrence M. Crapo, Vitality and Aging (San Francisco:
W.H. Freeman and Company, 1981) 59.
3. Book, more than two authors:
3Hoyt Gimlin, Sandra Stencel, Laurie De Maris, and Elizabeth Furbush, eds., Staying Healthy: Nutrition, Lifestyle and Medicine, (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc.,
1984)188.
4 . Book, no author named:
4The Incredible Machine (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society,1986) 321.
5. Reference book article, unsigned:
5"Health," The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 1993 ed.: 556.6 . Magazine article, signed:
6Philip Elmer-Dewitt, "Fat Times," Time 16 Jan. 1995: 58.
7. Magazine article, unsigned:
7"Why Your Head Hurts and How to Make It Stop," Health Jan./Feb. 1995: 95.
8. Piece from an anthology:
8Thomas Lux, "Hospital View," Articulations: The Body and Illness
in Poetry, ed. Jon Mukand (Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 1994)117-119.
9. Newspaper article:
9Bruce Ramsey, "Changing the Formula", Seattle Post-Intelligencer,11 September 1995: B3.
10 . Pamphlet, signed:
10Mavis Millstone, Strengthening Your Back (San Jose, CA: Kramer
Publishing Co, 1992) 12.
11 . Pamphlet, unsigned :
11Smoking, Chewing and Cancer (Boston: Davis and Sons, 1995) 2-3.12. Personal interview:
12Thomas Johnson, health administrator City of Bellevue, interview by author, Bellevue, Washington, 15 October1994.
13 . Lectures, speeches, and addresses:
13Tammy Flynn, address, Eureka Summer Science Camp, Wenatchee, Washington, 7 July 1992.
14 . Audiovisual materials:
14The Champion Within, videocassette, Metropolitan Pittsburgh Public Broadcasting Inc., 1988 (60 min.).
15 . Article from an electronic database, ex.: CD-ROM:
15Ramunas Kondratas, "Public Health", The New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia, [CD-ROM], Windows, (Grolier Publishing, Inc., 1993).
16 . Internet article - World Wide Web site:
6Joe R. Momma, "Onocology for Beginners," [Internet - WWW, URL],http://cancer.med.upe.edu/, 13 March 1995.
17. Internet article - Gopher or FTP site:
17Austin Hospital, "Pet Scan Image Database," [Internet - Gopher],gopher.austin.unimelb.edu.au, Digital Image Library|Austin Hospital PET Centre Image
Database|Image 1.3, 3 September 1994.
18 . Internet or other online communication article - Email or Newsgroup:
18Kurt Grosshans, "Ask Mr. Science", [Internet - E-mail],apscichs@radford.vaked.edu., 12 November 1994.
D. Endnote Samples, previously cited sources:
After the first complete reference to a particular source, later endnotes may be shortened as follows:
1 . For a source which has been cited in the immediately preceding endnote:
1Ibid., 136.2 . For source which has been cited before, but not in the immediately preceding endnote:
2Shorter, 22.
3Shorter, Health, 28.
(Include title of source if using more than one source by the same author)
4Corbin, Newsweek, 54.
(use for newspapers, magazines and other periodicals)
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